{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-91006", "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "apache", "dateReserved": "2026-09-14T15:56:23.927Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "shortName": "apache", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z"}, "title": "Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')", "lang": "en", "cweId": "CWE-78", "type": "CWE"}]}], "source": {"defect": ["https://github.com/apache/karaf/pull/2878"], "advisory": "https://karaf.apache.org/security/cve-2026-91006.txt", "discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "affected": [{"vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "product": "Apache Karaf", "packageName": "org.apache.karaf:org.apache.karaf.instance.core", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4.12", "versionType": "semver"}], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}], "descriptions": [{"value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through\u00a0/bin/sh\u00a0(Unix) or\u00a0cscript\u00a0(Windows). The caller-supplied\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;,\u00a0|,\u00a0`,\u00a0$(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands\u00a0instance:create,\u00a0instance:start,\u00a0instance:restart,\u00a0instance:change-opts, and the equivalent\u00a0InstanceMBean\u00a0JMX operations (createInstance,\u00a0startInstance,\u00a0changeJavaOpts,\u00a0cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation\u00a0 * Set\u00a0karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin\u00a0in\u00a0etc/system.properties\u00a0to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n * Restrict which principals can reach\u00a0instance:*\u00a0commands and\u00a0InstancesMBean\u00a0via\u00a0etc/users.properties\u00a0role assignments.\n * Treat\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean\u00a0as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.", "lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"type": "text/html", "base64": false, "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (<code>InstanceServiceImpl</code>) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through&nbsp;<code>/bin/sh&nbsp;</code>(Unix) or&nbsp;<code>cscript</code>&nbsp;(Windows). The caller-supplied&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (<code>;</code>,&nbsp;<code>|</code>,&nbsp;<code>`</code>,&nbsp;<code>$(...)</code>) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.<div><br></div><div>Reachable via the shell commands&nbsp;<code>instance:create</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:start</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:restart</code>,&nbsp;<code>instance:change-opts</code>, and the equivalent&nbsp;<code>InstanceMBean</code>&nbsp;JMX operations (<code>createInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>startInstance</code>,&nbsp;<code>changeJavaOpts</code>,&nbsp;<code>cloneInstance</code>).</div><h3>Mitigation&nbsp;</h3><div><ul><li>Set&nbsp;<code>karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin</code>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<code>etc/system.properties</code>&nbsp;to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.</li><li>Restrict which principals can reach&nbsp;<code>instance:*</code>&nbsp;commands and&nbsp;<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;via&nbsp;<code>etc/users.properties</code>&nbsp;role assignments.</li><li>Treat&nbsp;<code>javaOpts</code>&nbsp;passed to i<code>nstance:create</code>/<code>instance:start</code>/<code>instance:change-opts</code>/<code>InstancesMBean</code>&nbsp;as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.</li></ul></div><div><br></div>"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr", "tags": ["vendor-advisory"]}], "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "Textual description of severity", "content": {"text": "moderate"}}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "n0mi1k <nomilksec@gmail.com>", "type": "reporter"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.3"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-28T13:10:12.951Z"}}, {"metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 8.8, "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"}}, {"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-09-29T03:55:20.472246Z", "id": "CVE-2026-91006", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z"}}]}}

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "packageName": "org.apache.karaf:org.apache.karaf.instance.core", "product": "Apache Karaf", "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "versions": [{"lessThan": "4.4.12", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "security@apache.org"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:karaf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "532915B7-A52C-450A-A6BF-0FAE4B4144CD", "versionEndExcluding": "4.4.12", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through\u00a0/bin/sh\u00a0(Unix) or\u00a0cscript\u00a0(Windows). The caller-supplied\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;,\u00a0|,\u00a0`,\u00a0$(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands\u00a0instance:create,\u00a0instance:start,\u00a0instance:restart,\u00a0instance:change-opts, and the equivalent\u00a0InstanceMBean\u00a0JMX operations (createInstance,\u00a0startInstance,\u00a0changeJavaOpts,\u00a0cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation\u00a0 * Set\u00a0karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin\u00a0in\u00a0etc/system.properties\u00a0to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n * Restrict which principals can reach\u00a0instance:*\u00a0commands and\u00a0InstancesMBean\u00a0via\u00a0etc/users.properties\u00a0role assignments.\n * Treat\u00a0javaOpts\u00a0passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean\u00a0as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators."}], "id": "CVE-2026-91006", "lastModified": "2026-10-08T19:19:50.990", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-91006", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-09-29T03:55:20.472246Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-09-28T11:16:48.200", "references": [{"source": "security@apache.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/28/3"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security@apache.org", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-78"}], "source": "security@apache.org", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "org.apache.karaf.instance/org.apache.karaf.instance.core: karaf: Apache Karaf: Arbitrary command execution via unquoted instance options", "id": "2542423", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2542423"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "8.8", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-78", "details": ["A flaw was found in Apache Karaf. An attacker with access to instance-management commands or Java Management Extensions (JMX) interfaces can achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying host system. This issue occurs because user-supplied Java options are spliced directly into child-instance launch commands without proper quoting or validation, allowing shell metacharacters to be interpreted and run with the privileges of the Karaf process user."], "name": "CVE-2026-91006", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "org.apache.karaf.instance.core", "product_name": "Red Hat Fuse 7"}], "public_date": "2026-09-28T10:44:32Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-91006\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-91006\nhttps://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr"], "threat_severity": "Important"}