{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40190", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.177Z", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T21:56:30.914Z", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-12T21:56:30.914Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-12T21:56:30.914Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update\n\nsyzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA\ninode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change (often\n-1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value,\ntriggering errors like:\n\n EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1\n EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117\n\nMake the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive,\ntreat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the\noperation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the\nWARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting\nin ext4_error_inode().\n\nThis prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ext4/xattr.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "ea39e712c2f5ae148ee5515798ae03523673e002", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "1cfb3e4ddbdc8e02e637b8852540bd4718bf4814", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "505e69f76ac497e788f4ea0267826ec7266b40c8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "3d6269028246f4484bfed403c947a114bb583631", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "79ea7f3e11effe1bd9e753172981d9029133a278", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "6b879c4c6bbaab03c0ad2a983953bd1410bb165e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "440b003f449a4ff2a00b08c8eab9ba5cd28f3943", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "57295e835408d8d425bef58da5253465db3d6888", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ext4/xattr.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.4.301", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.246", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.195", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.157", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.113", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.54", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18-rc1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.301"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.246"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.157"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.113"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.54"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18-rc1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea39e712c2f5ae148ee5515798ae03523673e002"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1cfb3e4ddbdc8e02e637b8852540bd4718bf4814"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/505e69f76ac497e788f4ea0267826ec7266b40c8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d6269028246f4484bfed403c947a114bb583631"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ea7f3e11effe1bd9e753172981d9029133a278"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b879c4c6bbaab03c0ad2a983953bd1410bb165e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/440b003f449a4ff2a00b08c8eab9ba5cd28f3943"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57295e835408d8d425bef58da5253465db3d6888"}], "title": "ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update\n\nsyzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA\ninode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change (often\n-1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value,\ntriggering errors like:\n\n EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1\n EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117\n\nMake the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive,\ntreat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the\noperation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the\nWARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting\nin ext4_error_inode().\n\nThis prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40190", "lastModified": "2025-11-14T16:42:30.503", "metrics": {}, "published": "2025-11-12T22:15:45.960", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1cfb3e4ddbdc8e02e637b8852540bd4718bf4814"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d6269028246f4484bfed403c947a114bb583631"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/440b003f449a4ff2a00b08c8eab9ba5cd28f3943"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/505e69f76ac497e788f4ea0267826ec7266b40c8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/57295e835408d8d425bef58da5253465db3d6888"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b879c4c6bbaab03c0ad2a983953bd1410bb165e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ea7f3e11effe1bd9e753172981d9029133a278"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea39e712c2f5ae148ee5515798ae03523673e002"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update", "id": "2414732", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414732"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-40190", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40190\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40190\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111244-CVE-2025-40190-b6bc@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}