Filtered by CWE-362
Total 2068 CVE
CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2024-26869 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-07 4.7 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to truncate meta inode pages forcely Below race case can cause data corruption: Thread A GC thread - gc_data_segment - ra_data_block - locked meta_inode page - f2fs_inplace_write_data - invalidate_mapping_pages : fail to invalidate meta_inode page due to lock failure or dirty|writeback status - f2fs_submit_page_bio : write last dirty data to old blkaddr - move_data_block - load old data from meta_inode page - f2fs_submit_page_write : write old data to new blkaddr Because invalidate_mapping_pages() will skip invalidating page which has unclear status including locked, dirty, writeback and so on, so we need to use truncate_inode_pages_range() instead of invalidate_mapping_pages() to make sure meta_inode page will be dropped.
CVE-2022-3307 1 Google 1 Chrome 2025-05-06 8.8 High
Use after free in media in Google Chrome prior to 106.0.5249.62 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
CVE-2022-32895 1 Apple 1 Macos 2025-05-06 4.7 Medium
A race condition was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
CVE-2022-42791 1 Apple 2 Iphone Os, Macos 2025-05-05 7 High
A race condition was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
CVE-2021-33078 1 Intel 14 Optane Memory H10 With Solid State Storage, Optane Memory H10 With Solid State Storage Firmware, Optane Memory H20 With Solid State Storage and 11 more 2025-05-05 4.7 Medium
Race condition within a thread in firmware for some Intel(R) Optane(TM) SSD and Intel(R) SSD DC Products may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
CVE-2021-33075 1 Intel 14 Optane Memory H10 With Solid State Storage, Optane Memory H10 With Solid State Storage Firmware, Optane Memory H20 With Solid State Storage and 11 more 2025-05-05 4.7 Medium
Race condition in firmware for some Intel(R) Optane(TM) SSD, Intel(R) Optane(TM) SSD DC and Intel(R) SSD DC Products may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
CVE-2023-35824 3 Debian, Linux, Redhat 5 Debian Linux, Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux and 2 more 2025-05-05 7 High
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.2. A use-after-free was found in dm1105_remove in drivers/media/pci/dm1105/dm1105.c.
CVE-2023-35823 3 Debian, Linux, Redhat 5 Debian Linux, Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux and 2 more 2025-05-05 7 High
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.2. A use-after-free was found in saa7134_finidev in drivers/media/pci/saa7134/saa7134-core.c.
CVE-2023-33203 2 Linux, Redhat 4 Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux, Rhel Eus and 1 more 2025-05-05 6.4 Medium
The Linux kernel before 6.2.9 has a race condition and resultant use-after-free in drivers/net/ethernet/qualcomm/emac/emac.c if a physically proximate attacker unplugs an emac based device.
CVE-2023-30772 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-05 6.4 Medium
The Linux kernel before 6.2.9 has a race condition and resultant use-after-free in drivers/power/supply/da9150-charger.c if a physically proximate attacker unplugs a device.
CVE-2024-53186 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix use-after-free in SMB request handling A race condition exists between SMB request handling in `ksmbd_conn_handler_loop()` and the freeing of `ksmbd_conn` in the workqueue handler `handle_ksmbd_work()`. This leads to a UAF. - KASAN: slab-use-after-free Read in handle_ksmbd_work - KASAN: slab-use-after-free in rtlock_slowlock_locked This race condition arises as follows: - `ksmbd_conn_handler_loop()` waits for `conn->r_count` to reach zero: `wait_event(conn->r_count_q, atomic_read(&conn->r_count) == 0);` - Meanwhile, `handle_ksmbd_work()` decrements `conn->r_count` using `atomic_dec_return(&conn->r_count)`, and if it reaches zero, calls `ksmbd_conn_free()`, which frees `conn`. - However, after `handle_ksmbd_work()` decrements `conn->r_count`, it may still access `conn->r_count_q` in the following line: `waitqueue_active(&conn->r_count_q)` or `wake_up(&conn->r_count_q)` This results in a UAF, as `conn` has already been freed. The discovery of this UAF can be referenced in the following PR for syzkaller's support for SMB requests.
CVE-2024-47689 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 5.3 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to don't set SB_RDONLY in f2fs_handle_critical_error() syzbot reports a f2fs bug as below: ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 58 at kernel/rcu/sync.c:177 rcu_sync_dtor+0xcd/0x180 kernel/rcu/sync.c:177 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 58 Comm: kworker/1:2 Not tainted 6.10.0-syzkaller-12562-g1722389b0d86 #0 Workqueue: events destroy_super_work RIP: 0010:rcu_sync_dtor+0xcd/0x180 kernel/rcu/sync.c:177 Call Trace: percpu_free_rwsem+0x41/0x80 kernel/locking/percpu-rwsem.c:42 destroy_super_work+0xec/0x130 fs/super.c:282 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3231 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xa2c/0x1830 kernel/workqueue.c:3312 worker_thread+0x86d/0xd40 kernel/workqueue.c:3390 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 As Christian Brauner pointed out [1]: the root cause is f2fs sets SB_RDONLY flag in internal function, rather than setting the flag covered w/ sb->s_umount semaphore via remount procedure, then below race condition causes this bug: - freeze_super() - sb_wait_write(sb, SB_FREEZE_WRITE) - sb_wait_write(sb, SB_FREEZE_PAGEFAULT) - sb_wait_write(sb, SB_FREEZE_FS) - f2fs_handle_critical_error - sb->s_flags |= SB_RDONLY - thaw_super - thaw_super_locked - sb_rdonly() is true, so it skips sb_freeze_unlock(sb, SB_FREEZE_FS) - deactivate_locked_super Since f2fs has almost the same logic as ext4 [2] when handling critical error in filesystem if it mounts w/ errors=remount-ro option: - set CP_ERROR_FLAG flag which indicates filesystem is stopped - record errors to superblock - set SB_RDONLY falg Once we set CP_ERROR_FLAG flag, all writable interfaces can detect the flag and stop any further updates on filesystem. So, it is safe to not set SB_RDONLY flag, let's remove the logic and keep in line w/ ext4 [3]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240729-himbeeren-funknetz-96e62f9c7aee@brauner [2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240729132721.hxih6ehigadqf7wx@quack3 [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/20240805201241.27286-1-jack@suse.cz
CVE-2024-46830 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: x86: Acquire kvm->srcu when handling KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS Grab kvm->srcu when processing KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS, as KVM will forcibly leave nested VMX/SVM if SMM mode is being toggled, and leaving nested VMX reads guest memory. Note, kvm_vcpu_ioctl_x86_set_vcpu_events() can also be called from KVM_RUN via sync_regs(), which already holds SRCU. I.e. trying to precisely use kvm_vcpu_srcu_read_lock() around the problematic SMM code would cause problems. Acquiring SRCU isn't all that expensive, so for simplicity, grab it unconditionally for KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS. ============================= WARNING: suspicious RCU usage 6.10.0-rc7-332d2c1d713e-next-vm #552 Not tainted ----------------------------- include/linux/kvm_host.h:1027 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage! other info that might help us debug this: rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1 1 lock held by repro/1071: #0: ffff88811e424430 (&vcpu->mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x7d/0x970 [kvm] stack backtrace: CPU: 15 PID: 1071 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.10.0-rc7-332d2c1d713e-next-vm #552 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x7f/0x90 lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x13f/0x1a0 kvm_vcpu_gfn_to_memslot+0x168/0x190 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_read_guest+0x3e/0x90 [kvm] nested_vmx_load_msr+0x6b/0x1d0 [kvm_intel] load_vmcs12_host_state+0x432/0xb40 [kvm_intel] vmx_leave_nested+0x30/0x40 [kvm_intel] kvm_vcpu_ioctl_x86_set_vcpu_events+0x15d/0x2b0 [kvm] kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl+0x1107/0x1750 [kvm] ? mark_held_locks+0x49/0x70 ? kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x7d/0x970 [kvm] ? kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x497/0x970 [kvm] kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x497/0x970 [kvm] ? lock_acquire+0xba/0x2d0 ? find_held_lock+0x2b/0x80 ? do_user_addr_fault+0x40c/0x6f0 ? lock_release+0xb7/0x270 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x82/0xb0 do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x170 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 RIP: 0033:0x7ff11eb1b539 </TASK>
CVE-2024-44959 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracefs: Use generic inode RCU for synchronizing freeing With structure layout randomization enabled for 'struct inode' we need to avoid overlapping any of the RCU-used / initialized-only-once members, e.g. i_lru or i_sb_list to not corrupt related list traversals when making use of the rcu_head. For an unlucky structure layout of 'struct inode' we may end up with the following splat when running the ftrace selftests: [<...>] list_del corruption, ffff888103ee2cb0->next (tracefs_inode_cache+0x0/0x4e0 [slab object]) is NULL (prev is tracefs_inode_cache+0x78/0x4e0 [slab object]) [<...>] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [<...>] kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:54! [<...>] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN [<...>] CPU: 3 PID: 2550 Comm: mount Tainted: G N 6.8.12-grsec+ #122 ed2f536ca62f28b087b90e3cc906a8d25b3ddc65 [<...>] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014 [<...>] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff84656018>] __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x138/0x3e0 [<...>] Code: 48 b8 99 fb 65 f2 ff ff ff ff e9 03 5c d9 fc cc 48 b8 99 fb 65 f2 ff ff ff ff e9 33 5a d9 fc cc 48 b8 99 fb 65 f2 ff ff ff ff <0f> 0b 4c 89 e9 48 89 ea 48 89 ee 48 c7 c7 60 8f dd 89 31 c0 e8 2f [<...>] RSP: 0018:fffffe80416afaf0 EFLAGS: 00010283 [<...>] RAX: 0000000000000098 RBX: ffff888103ee2cb0 RCX: 0000000000000000 [<...>] RDX: ffffffff84655fe8 RSI: ffffffff89dd8b60 RDI: 0000000000000001 [<...>] RBP: ffff888103ee2cb0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: fffffbd0082d5f25 [<...>] R10: fffffe80416af92f R11: 0000000000000001 R12: fdf99c16731d9b6d [<...>] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff88819ad4b8b8 R15: 0000000000000000 [<...>] RBX: tracefs_inode_cache+0x0/0x4e0 [slab object] [<...>] RDX: __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x108/0x3e0 [<...>] RSI: __func__.47+0x4340/0x4400 [<...>] RBP: tracefs_inode_cache+0x0/0x4e0 [slab object] [<...>] RSP: process kstack fffffe80416afaf0+0x7af0/0x8000 [mount 2550 2550] [<...>] R09: kasan shadow of process kstack fffffe80416af928+0x7928/0x8000 [mount 2550 2550] [<...>] R10: process kstack fffffe80416af92f+0x792f/0x8000 [mount 2550 2550] [<...>] R14: tracefs_inode_cache+0x78/0x4e0 [slab object] [<...>] FS: 00006dcb380c1840(0000) GS:ffff8881e0600000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [<...>] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [<...>] CR2: 000076ab72b30e84 CR3: 000000000b088004 CR4: 0000000000360ef0 shadow CR4: 0000000000360ef0 [<...>] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [<...>] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [<...>] ASID: 0003 [<...>] Stack: [<...>] ffffffff818a2315 00000000f5c856ee ffffffff896f1840 ffff888103ee2cb0 [<...>] ffff88812b6b9750 0000000079d714b6 fffffbfff1e9280b ffffffff8f49405f [<...>] 0000000000000001 0000000000000000 ffff888104457280 ffffffff8248b392 [<...>] Call Trace: [<...>] <TASK> [<...>] [<ffffffff818a2315>] ? lock_release+0x175/0x380 fffffe80416afaf0 [<...>] [<ffffffff8248b392>] list_lru_del+0x152/0x740 fffffe80416afb48 [<...>] [<ffffffff8248ba93>] list_lru_del_obj+0x113/0x280 fffffe80416afb88 [<...>] [<ffffffff8940fd19>] ? _atomic_dec_and_lock+0x119/0x200 fffffe80416afb90 [<...>] [<ffffffff8295b244>] iput_final+0x1c4/0x9a0 fffffe80416afbb8 [<...>] [<ffffffff8293a52b>] dentry_unlink_inode+0x44b/0xaa0 fffffe80416afbf8 [<...>] [<ffffffff8293fefc>] __dentry_kill+0x23c/0xf00 fffffe80416afc40 [<...>] [<ffffffff8953a85f>] ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x1f/0xa0 fffffe80416afc48 [<...>] [<ffffffff82949ce5>] ? shrink_dentry_list+0x1c5/0x760 fffffe80416afc70 [<...>] [<ffffffff82949b71>] ? shrink_dentry_list+0x51/0x760 fffffe80416afc78 [<...>] [<ffffffff82949da8>] shrink_dentry_list+0x288/0x760 fffffe80416afc80 [<...>] [<ffffffff8294ae75>] shrink_dcache_sb+0x155/0x420 fffffe80416afcc8 [<...>] [<ffffffff8953a7c3>] ? debug_smp_processor_id+0x23/0xa0 fffffe80416afce0 [<...>] [<ffffffff8294ad20>] ? do_one_tre ---truncated---
CVE-2024-43892 2 Linux, Redhat 3 Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux, Rhel Eus 2025-05-04 4.7 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: memcg: protect concurrent access to mem_cgroup_idr Commit 73f576c04b94 ("mm: memcontrol: fix cgroup creation failure after many small jobs") decoupled the memcg IDs from the CSS ID space to fix the cgroup creation failures. It introduced IDR to maintain the memcg ID space. The IDR depends on external synchronization mechanisms for modifications. For the mem_cgroup_idr, the idr_alloc() and idr_replace() happen within css callback and thus are protected through cgroup_mutex from concurrent modifications. However idr_remove() for mem_cgroup_idr was not protected against concurrency and can be run concurrently for different memcgs when they hit their refcnt to zero. Fix that. We have been seeing list_lru based kernel crashes at a low frequency in our fleet for a long time. These crashes were in different part of list_lru code including list_lru_add(), list_lru_del() and reparenting code. Upon further inspection, it looked like for a given object (dentry and inode), the super_block's list_lru didn't have list_lru_one for the memcg of that object. The initial suspicions were either the object is not allocated through kmem_cache_alloc_lru() or somehow memcg_list_lru_alloc() failed to allocate list_lru_one() for a memcg but returned success. No evidence were found for these cases. Looking more deeply, we started seeing situations where valid memcg's id is not present in mem_cgroup_idr and in some cases multiple valid memcgs have same id and mem_cgroup_idr is pointing to one of them. So, the most reasonable explanation is that these situations can happen due to race between multiple idr_remove() calls or race between idr_alloc()/idr_replace() and idr_remove(). These races are causing multiple memcgs to acquire the same ID and then offlining of one of them would cleanup list_lrus on the system for all of them. Later access from other memcgs to the list_lru cause crashes due to missing list_lru_one.
CVE-2024-43866 2 Linux, Redhat 2 Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux 2025-05-04 4.7 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: Always drain health in shutdown callback There is no point in recovery during device shutdown. if health work started need to wait for it to avoid races and NULL pointer access. Hence, drain health WQ on shutdown callback.
CVE-2024-40947 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ima: Avoid blocking in RCU read-side critical section A panic happens in ima_match_policy: BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000010 PGD 42f873067 P4D 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 5 PID: 1286325 Comm: kubeletmonit.sh Kdump: loaded Tainted: P Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:ima_match_policy+0x84/0x450 Code: 49 89 fc 41 89 cf 31 ed 89 44 24 14 eb 1c 44 39 7b 18 74 26 41 83 ff 05 74 20 48 8b 1b 48 3b 1d f2 b9 f4 00 0f 84 9c 01 00 00 <44> 85 73 10 74 ea 44 8b 6b 14 41 f6 c5 01 75 d4 41 f6 c5 02 74 0f RSP: 0018:ff71570009e07a80 EFLAGS: 00010207 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000200 RDX: ffffffffad8dc7c0 RSI: 0000000024924925 RDI: ff3e27850dea2000 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffffabfce739 R10: ff3e27810cc42400 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ff3e2781825ef970 R13: 00000000ff3e2785 R14: 000000000000000c R15: 0000000000000001 FS: 00007f5195b51740(0000) GS:ff3e278b12d40000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000010 CR3: 0000000626d24002 CR4: 0000000000361ee0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: ima_get_action+0x22/0x30 process_measurement+0xb0/0x830 ? page_add_file_rmap+0x15/0x170 ? alloc_set_pte+0x269/0x4c0 ? prep_new_page+0x81/0x140 ? simple_xattr_get+0x75/0xa0 ? selinux_file_open+0x9d/0xf0 ima_file_check+0x64/0x90 path_openat+0x571/0x1720 do_filp_open+0x9b/0x110 ? page_counter_try_charge+0x57/0xc0 ? files_cgroup_alloc_fd+0x38/0x60 ? __alloc_fd+0xd4/0x250 ? do_sys_open+0x1bd/0x250 do_sys_open+0x1bd/0x250 do_syscall_64+0x5d/0x1d0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x65/0xca Commit c7423dbdbc9e ("ima: Handle -ESTALE returned by ima_filter_rule_match()") introduced call to ima_lsm_copy_rule within a RCU read-side critical section which contains kmalloc with GFP_KERNEL. This implies a possible sleep and violates limitations of RCU read-side critical sections on non-PREEMPT systems. Sleeping within RCU read-side critical section might cause synchronize_rcu() returning early and break RCU protection, allowing a UAF to happen. The root cause of this issue could be described as follows: | Thread A | Thread B | | |ima_match_policy | | | rcu_read_lock | |ima_lsm_update_rule | | | synchronize_rcu | | | | kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL)| | | sleep | ==> synchronize_rcu returns early | kfree(entry) | | | | entry = entry->next| ==> UAF happens and entry now becomes NULL (or could be anything). | | entry->action | ==> Accessing entry might cause panic. To fix this issue, we are converting all kmalloc that is called within RCU read-side critical section to use GFP_ATOMIC. [PM: fixed missing comment, long lines, !CONFIG_IMA_LSM_RULES case]
CVE-2024-36020 1 Redhat 5 Enterprise Linux, Rhel Aus, Rhel E4s and 2 more 2025-05-04 5.3 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: fix vf may be used uninitialized in this function warning To fix the regression introduced by commit 52424f974bc5, which causes servers hang in very hard to reproduce conditions with resets races. Using two sources for the information is the root cause. In this function before the fix bumping v didn't mean bumping vf pointer. But the code used this variables interchangeably, so stale vf could point to different/not intended vf. Remove redundant "v" variable and iterate via single VF pointer across whole function instead to guarantee VF pointer validity.
CVE-2024-27005 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 6.3 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: interconnect: Don't access req_list while it's being manipulated The icc_lock mutex was split into separate icc_lock and icc_bw_lock mutexes in [1] to avoid lockdep splats. However, this didn't adequately protect access to icc_node::req_list. The icc_set_bw() function will eventually iterate over req_list while only holding icc_bw_lock, but req_list can be modified while only holding icc_lock. This causes races between icc_set_bw(), of_icc_get(), and icc_put(). Example A: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- icc_set_bw(path_a) mutex_lock(&icc_bw_lock); icc_put(path_b) mutex_lock(&icc_lock); aggregate_requests() hlist_for_each_entry(r, ... hlist_del(... <r = invalid pointer> Example B: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- icc_set_bw(path_a) mutex_lock(&icc_bw_lock); path_b = of_icc_get() of_icc_get_by_index() mutex_lock(&icc_lock); path_find() path_init() aggregate_requests() hlist_for_each_entry(r, ... hlist_add_head(... <r = invalid pointer> Fix this by ensuring icc_bw_lock is always held before manipulating icc_node::req_list. The additional places icc_bw_lock is held don't perform any memory allocations, so we should still be safe from the original lockdep splats that motivated the separate locks. [1] commit af42269c3523 ("interconnect: Fix locking for runpm vs reclaim")
CVE-2024-26910 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2025-05-04 4.7 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: fix performance regression in swap operation The patch "netfilter: ipset: fix race condition between swap/destroy and kernel side add/del/test", commit 28628fa9 fixes a race condition. But the synchronize_rcu() added to the swap function unnecessarily slows it down: it can safely be moved to destroy and use call_rcu() instead. Eric Dumazet pointed out that simply calling the destroy functions as rcu callback does not work: sets with timeout use garbage collectors which need cancelling at destroy which can wait. Therefore the destroy functions are split into two: cancelling garbage collectors safely at executing the command received by netlink and moving the remaining part only into the rcu callback.